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In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.

This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.

This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for environmental conditions that wheel, brake, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on aircraft certificated under 14 CFR Parts 23, 25, 27, and 29. The environmental requirements in this document shall be used in conjunction with other MPS defined in Technical Standard Orders for the applicable equipment.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.

This ARP suggests the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on such factors as cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be considered before incorporation of any of these features in the design.

This document suggests the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on such factors as cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be considered before incorporation of any of these features in the design.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on the parking brake system design for a variety of aircraft including part 23, 25, 27, and 29. The document includes a discussion of key technical issues with parking brakes. This document does NOT provide recommended practices for parking brake system design.

A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design approaches used for current applications of aircraft Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems. The document also discusses the experience gained during service, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The document includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on the current state of the art systems.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5 Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.

This AIR describes conditions under which freezing brakes can occur and offers suggested design features to minimize occurrence. It also suggests operating procedures which have been shown to prevent or lessen the severity of brake freezing.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes conditions under which freezing (frozen) brakes can occur and describes operating procedures which have been used to prevent or lessen the severity or probability of brake freezing. This document also identifies design features that some manufacturers implement to minimize the occurrence of freezing brakes. This document is not an Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) and therefore does not make recommendations based on a consensus of the industry. However, part of this document’s purpose is to describe the design and operational practices that some are using to minimize the risk of frozen brakes. NOTE: The following information is based upon experience gained across a wide-range of aircraft types and operational profiles, and should NOT take precedence over Aircraft Flight Manual or Flight Operations Procedures.

This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide information on industry practices for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.

This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide recommendations for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.

The aircraft landing gear is a complex multi-degree of freedom dynamic system, and may encounter vibration or dynamic response problems induced by braking action. The vibratory modes can be induced by brake and tire-ground frictional characteristics, antiskid operation, brake design features, landing gear design features, and tire characteristics. The impact of this vibration can range from catastrophic failure of critical system components or entire landing gears, to fatigue of small components, to passenger annoyance. It is therefore important that the vibration is assessed during the design concept phase, and verified during the development and testing phases of the system hardware. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the A-5A Subcommittee to present an overview of the landing gear problems associated with aircraft braking system dynamics, and the approaches to the identification, diagnosis, and solution of these problems.